This guidance summarises the three main, evidence-based approaches that can be used for the translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SPICTTM into different languages and for diverse healthcare systems internationally. Select the method which best fits your situation and resources.
- A multi-disciplinary team approach and clear process recording are essential. People start working on a translation with a small group of staff with experience of palliative care.
- An initial translation is shared with a wider group for peer review.
- After further edits, the translation is tried out by interested staff in their clinics or wards.
- It is best for groups from the same country/language group to work together to develop the best possible translation.
- A final version can be shared with the SPICT international community through the website with the authors details.
- If your translation is developed using a reliable and clear process, it may be possible to put it into the standard SPICT format and/or upload it as a pdf to a page for your country/ language. Please contact us about this.
Examples of translations are available on our Publications page.
Download Translating & Adapting SPICT April 2018 (pdf)
World Health Organisation: Process of translation and adaptation of instruments.
Beaton DE et al: Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures.
Mohler P et al: TRAPD Team Translation Model – Guidelines for Best Practice in Cross-Cultural Surveys.
All methods incorporate 3 phases and 7 structured steps:-
Phase I | Step 1: Translation | Step 2: Expert review |
Phase II | Step 3: Back-translation and revision | Step 4: Pre-testing (e.g. standardized case vignettes, or examples from small clinical practice tests) |
Phase III | Step 5: Final version | Step 6: Process appraisal and documentation Step 7: Implementation and review |