• EAPC Taskforce in Primary Palliative Care:
  EAPC toolkit for the development of palliative care in the community 
• European Association for Palliative Care
• Integrated, People-centred Palliative Care
  Resources from the WHO Collaborating Centre for integrated health services based in primary care
• The Palliative Care Phase project (Australia) – each phase identifies a clinically meaningful definition of the patient’s care

• Effective Communication for Healthcare (EC4H) – Scotland’s leading communication education programme offers advanced communication training workshops for health professionals on many topics including ‘Talking about deteriorating health, dying and ‘what matters”

• Scottish National Anticipatory Care Planning Programme (Health Improvement Scotland) – Model ACP and App with resources for patients & families as well as health and care professionals including patient videos.
• Shared decision-making about CPR in the hospital setting: a teaching package (Western Australia) – Supports clinicians and medical students to develop the knowledge, skills and confidence to initiate and engage in patient-centred conversations about CPR decision-making, particularly for those patients who have progressive deteriorating illness and are unlikely to do well with CPR;

• The Advance Project (Australia) – Training videos and resources to promote earlier identification in primary care of people who can benefit from advance care planning and palliative care
• The Conversation Project (USA)
• Respecting Choices Advance Care Planning Programme (USA)
• Serious Illness Care Program (Boston) – Resources and training in talking about serious illness
• Vital Talk (USA) – Clinical communication resources and training
• Think Ahead  (Planning for death & dying) – Resources and advice for the public and professionals from the Irish Hospice Foundation
• Stanford Letter Project (USA)
• CLEAR Conversations Project (USA)
• Sensitive and effective conversations after stroke (Scotland)
• Best Case/ Worst Case Communication Tool (USA) – Structured approached based on a graphic decision-aid to support difficult conversations about high risk surgical interventions with people whose outcomes are likely to be poor.

Tools

• Highet G, Crawford D, Murray SA, Boyd K. Development and evaluation of the Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT): a mixed-methods study. (Development & evaluation of SPICT)
  BMJ Support Palliat Care Published Online First: 25 July 2013 doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2013-000488.
  You have permission to download one copy of the paper for personal use: Download SPICT paper
  
• Boyd K, Murray SA. Recognising and managing key transitions in end of life care. BMJ 2010;341:c4863
  (Original version of the SPICT tool)
• Maas E, Murray SA, Engels Y, Campbell C. What tools are available to identify people with palliative care needs in primary care: a systematic review and survey of European practice. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 2013;3:444–451.
• Walsh RI, Mitchell G, Francis L, Van Driel ML. What diagnostic tools exist for the early identification of palliative care patients in primary care: a systematic review. Journal of Palliative Care 2015;31(2):118-123.
• Downar J, Goldman R, Pinto R, Englesakis M, Adhikari NK. The “surprise question” for predicting death in seriously ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Journal. 2017 Apr 3;189(13):E484-E493. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.160775.
• Gomez-Batiste X et al. Identifying patients with chronic conditions in need of palliative care in the general population: development of the NECPAL tool and preliminary prevalence rates in Catalonia. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 2012; doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2102-000211.
• Lynn J. Serving patients who may die soon: the role of hospice and other services. JAMA 2001; 285:925-932.
• Lau F, Downing M, Lesperance M, Karlson N, Kuziemsky C, Yang J. Using the Palliative Performance Scale to provide meaningful survival estimates. J Pain Symptom Management 2009; 38:134-144.
• Weissman D E, Meier DE. Identifying patients in need of a palliative care assessment in the hospital setting. J Palliat Med 2011; 14(1): 17-23.

Other references

• Mitchell GK, Senior HE, Rhee JJ, Ware RS, Young S, Teo PC, Murray S, Boyd K, Clayton JM. Using intuition or a formal palliative care needs assessment screening process in general practice to predict death within 12 months: A randomised controlled trial. Palliat Med. 2017 Mar 1:269216317698621. doi: 10.1177/0269216317698621. [Epub ahead of print]
• Sulistio M, Franco M, Vo A, Poon P, Leeroy W. Hospital rapid response team and patients with life-limiting illness: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study. Palliat Med 2015;29(4):302-309.
• Thoosen B, Groot M, Engles Y, Prins J, Verhagen S, Galesloot C et al. Early identification and proactive palliative care for patients in general practice, incentive and methods of a randomised controlled trial. BMC Family Practice 2011; 12:123
• Harrison N, Cavers D, Campbell C, Murray SA. Are UK primary care teams formally identifying patients for palliative care before they die? Br J Gen Pract 2012; DOI:10.3399/bjgp12X64146.
• Glare PA, Sinclair CT. Palliative medicine review: prognostication. J Palliat Med 2008; 11:84-103.
• Gott M, Ingleton C, Bennett M, Gardiner C. Transitions to palliative care in acute hospitals in England: qualitative study. BMJ 2011; 342:d1773.
• Lau F, Downing M, Lesperance M, Karlson N, Kuziemsky C, Yang J. Using the Palliative Performance Scale to provide meaningful survival estimates. J Pain Symptom Management 2009; 38:134-144.
• Coventry PA, Grande GE, Richards DA, Todd CJ. Prediction of appropriate timing of palliative care for older adults with non-malignant life-threatening disease: a systematic review. Age and Ageing 2005; 34:218-227.
• Clark D, Armstrong M, Allan A et al. Imminence of death among hospital inpatients; a prevalence cohort study. Palliative Medicine 2014; doi: 10.1177/0269216314526443
• Smith C, Hough L, Cheung C-C et al. Coordinate My Care: a clinical service that coordinates care, giving patients choice and improving quality of life.BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care 2012; 2:301-307.

Parry R, Land V, Seymour J. How to communicate with patients about future illness progression and end of life care: a systematic review. BMJ Supportive Palliative Care 2014; doi:10.1136bmjspcare-2214-000649.

Kimbell B, Murray SA, Macpherson S, Boyd KJ. Embracing inherent uncertainty in advanced illness. BMJ 2016; 354 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.i3802 (Published 18 July 2016)

Jackson VA, Jacobsen J, Greer JA et al. The cultivation of prognostic awareness through the provision of early palliative care in the ambulatory setting: a communication guide. Journal of Palliative Medicine. 2013; 16(8):1-7.

Bernacki RE, Block SD. Communication about serious illness care goals: a review and synthesis of best practice. JAMA Int Med 2014;174:1994-2003.

Smith AK, White DB, Arnold RM. Uncertainty, the other side of prognosis. N Eng J Med 2013;368:2448-2450.

Kendall M, Carduff E, Lloyd A, et al. Different Experiences and Goals in Different Advanced Diseases: Comparing Serial Interviews with Patients with Cancer, Organ Failure or Frailty and Their Family and Professional Carers. J Pain Symptom Management 2015; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.02.017

California Health Foundation. Gather Round: Understanding How Culture Frames End-of-Life
Choices for Patients and Families. 2014

Milford Care Centre: Compassionate Communities. Let’s talk about illness, death and dying
(Videos for patients, families and professionals: public awareness projects)

Alzheimer Scotland. Talking about death and dementia